Fondement hylémorphique de la discontinuité métaphysique entre l’intelligence artificielle et la subjectivité humaine
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2026-06-30
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Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino
Abstract
Cet article examine la spécificité ontologique de la personne humaine à l’aune du développement contemporain de l’intelligence artificielle. Le débat autour des systèmes artificiels, nourri par le dépassement du mécanisme classique et l’essor des modèles computationnels complexes, a déplacé la question de la cognition d’une approche strictement fonctionnelle vers une controverse plus large portant sur la subjectivité, la conscience et la normativité. L’étude soutient qu’une telle controverse ne peut être abordée de manière satisfaisante qu’à travers une articulation souple entre philosophie de l’esprit, phénoménologie et métaphysique classique. Dans cette perspective, la structure substantielle, opératoire et téléologique du sujet humain est mise en regard de l’organisation technique des systèmes artificiels. L’analyse montre que la compréhension sémantique, l’autodétermination morale, l’affectivité vécue et l’assomption de la finitude temporelle manifestent une intériorité spirituelle irréductible à la manipulation syntaxique et à l’obsolescence fonctionnelle. Dès lors, l’intelligence artificielle ne saurait être considérée comme un sujet moral ni comme une instance autonome de normativité. L’étude conclut que la gouvernance technologique doit être orientée par le principe de subsidiarité technique, en subordonnant la conception algorithmique au jugement moral humain.
The proliferation of increasingly advanced artificial intelligence systems marks a decisive inflection in the way contemporary societies conceive the relationship between humanity and technology. This evolution obscures the traditional boundaries between the natural and the artificial, while raising novel and pressing challenges for legal philosophy. The present inquiry seeks to construct a philosophical-legal framework anchored in a radical ontological distinction between human beings and artificial systems, with the aim of articulating normative principles capable of guiding their development without undermining human dignity. Grounded in the tradition of moderate realism, the analysis argues that artificial systems, lacking substantial unity, conscious interiority, and authentic intentionality, cannot be deemed ontologically equivalent to human persons. The core thesis contends that this ontological discontinuity entails inviolable normative constraints on both the conception and the use of artificial intelligence, thereby requiring regulatory measures that acknowledge the singular ontological status of the human and preserve non-transferable domains of agency. In a global landscape increasingly structured by the automation of human capacities, the proposed framework offers a philosophically rigorous foundation for public policy, one that subordinates technological progress to the integral flourishing of the person and reaffirms dignity as a foundational juridical principle.
The proliferation of increasingly advanced artificial intelligence systems marks a decisive inflection in the way contemporary societies conceive the relationship between humanity and technology. This evolution obscures the traditional boundaries between the natural and the artificial, while raising novel and pressing challenges for legal philosophy. The present inquiry seeks to construct a philosophical-legal framework anchored in a radical ontological distinction between human beings and artificial systems, with the aim of articulating normative principles capable of guiding their development without undermining human dignity. Grounded in the tradition of moderate realism, the analysis argues that artificial systems, lacking substantial unity, conscious interiority, and authentic intentionality, cannot be deemed ontologically equivalent to human persons. The core thesis contends that this ontological discontinuity entails inviolable normative constraints on both the conception and the use of artificial intelligence, thereby requiring regulatory measures that acknowledge the singular ontological status of the human and preserve non-transferable domains of agency. In a global landscape increasingly structured by the automation of human capacities, the proposed framework offers a philosophically rigorous foundation for public policy, one that subordinates technological progress to the integral flourishing of the person and reaffirms dignity as a foundational juridical principle.
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Ramos-Zaga, F. A. (2026). Fondement hylémorphique de la discontinuité métaphysique entre l’intelligence artificielle et la subjectivité humaine. Studium. Filosofía Y Teología, 29(57), 43–71. https://doi.org/10.53439/stdfyt57.29.2026.43-71
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